Perl Language Reference Manual

perl 语言官方指导手册 英文版 希望喜欢 Perl Language Reference ManualTable of contentsPublisher’ s PrefaceNotes for this printed edition1351 perl: The Perl language interpreter1.1 GETTING HELP1.1.1 Overview1.1.2 Tutorials1.1.3 Reference Manual1. 1.4 Internals and C language Interface1.1.5 Miscellaneous55567781. 1.6 Language-Specific1.1.7 Platform-Specific1.2 AVAILABILITY113 ENVIRONMENT1.4 AUTHOR1.5 FILES1.6 SEE ALSO127 DIAGNOSTICS121. 8 BUGS1.9 NOTES.....2 perlintro: a brief introduction and overview ofPerl152. 1 What is Perl?152.2 Running Perl programs162.3 Safety net2.4 Basic syntax overview2.5 Perl variable types2.6 Variable scoping202.7 Conditional and looping constructs202.8 Builtin operators and functions222.9 Files and I/O232.10 Regular expressions2. 11 Writing subroutine252.12 OO Perl262. 13 Using Perl modules262.14 AUTHOR27Perl language Reference Manual3 perlrun: How to execute the Perl interpreter. 293.1 # and quoting on non-Unix systems303.2 Location of perl323.3 Command Switches323. 4 ENVIRONMENT444 perlsyn: Perl syntax.…….514.1 Declarations514.2 Comments4.3 Simple statements524. 4 Truth and Falsehood4.5 Statement Modifiers534.6 Compound Statements544.7 Loop Control564.8 For Loops574.9 Foreach Loops584.10 Basic BLOCKs594.11 Switch statements4.11.1 Break1goU4.11.2 Fall-through624.11.3 Switching in a loop4.11.4 Smart matching in detail624.11.5 Custom matching via overloadin634.11.6 Differences from Perl 6644.12 Goto644.13 PODs: Embedded Documentation4.14 Plain Old Comments(Not5 perldata: Perl data types........... 675.1 Variable names675.2 Context......695.3 Scalar values705.4 Scalar value constructors5.4.1 Version Strings...735.4.2 Special Literals745.4.3 Barewords745.4.4 Array Joining Delimiter755.5 List value constructors755.6 Subscripts795.7 Slices795.8 Typeglobs and Filehandles815.9 SEE ALSO6 perlnumber: Semantics of numbers and numericoperations836.1 Storing numbers6.2 Numeric operators and numeric conversions846.3 Flavors of Perl numeric operations....856.4 AUTHOR866.5 SEE ALSO867 perlop: Perl operators and precedence877.1 Operator Precedence and Associativity877. 2 Terms and List Operators(Leftward)7.3 The Arrow Operator897.4 Auto-increment and Auto-decrement7.5 Exponentiation7.6abolic Unary Op7.7 Binding Operators917.8 Multiplicative Operators917.9 Additive Operators..927.10 Shift Operators927.11 Named Unary Operators7. 12 Relational Operators937.13 Equality Op947.14 Bitwise And7. 15 Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or94957.16 C-style logical And957.17 C-style logical Or7.18 C-style leI Defined-Or957.19Rang∈7.20 Conditional Operator.997.21 Assignment Operators997.22 Comma Operator1007.23 Yada Yada Operator1017.24 List Operators(Rightward)7.25 Logical not....1027.26 Logical And7. 27 Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or1027.28 C Operators Missing From Perl1037.29 Quote and Quote-like Operators1037.30 Regexp Quote-Like Operators7.31 Quote-Like Operators7.32 Gory details of parsing quoted constructs7.33 I/O Operators..1237.34 Constant Folding1277.35 No-ops1277.36 Bitwise String Operators1277.37 Integer Arithmetic.1287.38 Floating-point Arithmetic128Perl Language Reference Manual7. 39 Bigger Numbers...1298 perlsub: Perl subroutines,,,,,,,,,,1318.1 Private Variable1358.2 Persistent Private Variables..1388.2.1 Persistent variables via stateO1388.2.2 Persistent variables with closures1398.3 Temporary Values via local1408.3.1 Grammatical note on local1418.3.2 Localization of special variables1418.3. 3 Localization of glob1428.3.4 Localization of elements of composite types1428.3.5 Localized deletion of elements of composite types1438.4 Lvalue subroutines1448.5 Passing Symbol Table Entries(typeglobs)1458.6 When to Still Use local1467 Pass by Reference1478. 8 Prototypes1498.9 Constant Functions1528.10 Overriding Built-in Functions1538.11 Autoloading1558.12 Subroutine Attributes.1568.13 SEE ALSO1579 perlfunc: Perl builtin functions1599.1 Perl Functions by Category1609.2 Portability1629.3 Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions16310 perlvar: Perl predefined variables...... 28110.1 Predefined Names28110.2 Error Indicators30410.3 Technical Note on the Syntax of variable names30510.4 BUGS30611 perle: Perl regular expressions....... 30711.1 Modifiers11.2 Regular Expressions30811.2.1 Metacharac11.2.2 Quantifiers11.2.3 Escape sequences11.2.4 Character Classes and other Special Escapes11.2.5 Assertions31311.2.6 Capture buffers11.3 Extended patterns....31611.4 Special Backtracking Control Verbs32711.5 Backtracking33111.6 Version 8 Regular Expressions33511.7 Warning on \1 Instead of S11.8 Repeated Patterns Matching a Zero-length Substring33711.9 Combining re Pieces33811.10 Creating Custom RE Engines11.11 PCRE/Python Support..34111.12BUGS.34111.13 SEE ALSO34112 perlrebackslash: Regular Expression BackslashSequences3432.1 The backslash.34312.2 All the sequences and escapes..34412.3 Character Escapes34512.3.1 Fixed characters..34512.3.2 Control characters34512.3.3 Named or numbered characters34512.3.4 Octal escapes12.3.5 Hexadecimal escapes12.4 Modifiers34812.5Ch12.5.1 Unicode classes34912.6 Referencing3492.6. 1 Absolute referencing34912.6.2 Relat34912.6.3 Named referencing2. 7 Assertions12. 8 Misc352Perl language Reference Manual13 perlrecharclass: Perl Regular ExpressionCharacter Classes35513. 1 The dot35513.2 Backslashed sequences35613.2.1 Digits.35613.2.2 Word characters35613.2.3 Whitespace35713.2.4 Unicode Properties35913.3 Bracketed Character Classes.3603.3.1 Special Characters Inside a Bracketed Character Class36013.3.2 Character Ranges36113.3.3 Negation36213.3.4 Backslash Sequences36213.3.5 Posix Character Classes36213.4 Locale. EbCDIC. Unicode and UTF-836614 perlreref: Perl Regular Expressions Reference36714.1 OPERATORS36714.2 SYNTAX,..36814.3 ESCAPE SEQUENCES36814.4 CHARACTER CLASSES14.5 ANCHORS37014.6 QUANTIFIERS37014.7 EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS37114.8 VARIABLES37114.9 FUNCTIONS37214.10 TERMINOLOGY37214.10.1 Titlecase37214.11 AUTHOR37214.12 SEE ALSO37314.13 THANKS37315 perlref: Perl references and nested datastructures37515. 1 NOTE37515.2 Making References37615.3 Using References37915.4 Symbolic references15.5Noot-SO-symbolIc references38315.6 Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash38415.7 Function Templates38415.8 WARNING38615.9 SEE ALSO38616 perlobj: Perl objects38716. 1 An Object is simply a reference3876.2 A Class is Simply a Package38916.3 A Method is Simply a subroutine39016.4 Method Invocation39116.5 Indirect Object Syntax3926.6 Default UNiVErSaL methods39416.7 Destructors39416. 8 Summary16.9 Two-Phased Garbage Collection39516.10 SEE ALSO39717 perform: Perl formats............ 39917.1 Text Fields40017.2 Numeric Fields40017.3 The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text..40117.4 The field for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text40117.5 Specifying Values17.6 Using fill mode17.7 Suppressing lines Where All Fields Are Void40217.8 Repeating Format Lines40217.9 Top of Form Processin40217.10 Format Variables17.11 NOTES40417.11.1 Footers17. 11.2 Accessing Formatting Internals40617.12 WARNINGS40618 perltie: How to hide an object class in a simplevariable..40918.1 Tying Scalars41018.2 Tying Arrays41218.3 Tying hash41718.4 Tying FileHandles42318.5 UNTIE this42518.6 The untie Gotcha42518.7 SEE ALSO42818.8 BUGS418. 9 AUTHOR42819 perldbmfilter: Perl DBM Filters42919. 1 The Filter42919.2 An Example: the NULL termination problem19.3 Another Example: Key is a C int9.4 SEE ALSO43119.5 AUTHOR431Perl language Reference Manual20 perlipc: Perl interprocess communication.. 43320.1 Signals43320.1.1 Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons43620.2 Named Pipes43720.2.1 Deferred Signals(Safe Signals)43820.3 USing open( for IPC44020.3.1 Filehandles44120.3.2 Background Processes...,,,,,.44220.3.3 Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent44220.3.4 Safe Pipe Opens44220.3.5 Avoiding Pipe Deadlocks44520.3.6 Bidirectional Communication with Another Process.. 44620.3. 7 Bidirectional Communication with Yourself.44720.4 Sockets: Client/Server Communication44820.4.1 Internet line Terminators44920.4.2 Internet tcp Clients and servers44920.4.3 Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers45320.5 TCP Clients with IO: Socket45520.5.1 A Simple client45520.5.2 A Webget Client45720.5.3 Interactive Client with IO: Socket45820.6 TCP Servers with IO: Socket...45920.7 UDP: Message Passing46120.8 SySV IPC46220.9 NOTES.46420.10 BUGS..46520.11 AUTHOR46520.12 SEE ALSO..46521 perlfork:Perl’ s fork( emulation.∴46721.1 Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes.. 46721.2 Resource limits46921.3 Killing the parent process21.4 Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes46921.5 CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS.46921.6 BUGS47221.7 AUTHOR47221. 8 SEE ALSO472