ZigbeeWirelessNetworking

ZigBee is a standard based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal networks. This standard allows for the creation of very lost cost and low power networks - these applications run for years rather than months. These networks are created from sensors and actuators and can wireless controForewordThe Zig Bee Alliance slogan, "Wireless Control That Simply Works, is clearly what isneeded for end users and implementers, but achieving that result places a heavy burdenon the developers and OEMs. Drew Gislason has the ability to take complex topics andpresent them in a manner that is cogent and easily digestible to oems and developersThis book goes a long way in helping to explain zig Bee concepts, and in explaining howto implement zig bee in a wide variety of productsMany people do not realize that a quiet revolution is already under way in business, andin our homes. Great emphasis is being placed on reducing natural resource waste and inbecoming exponentially more efficient. To achieve global efficiency goals, we must havean extensive, intelligent, easy-to-deploy, low-cost infrastructure to monitor and manageour surroundings. Zig Bee is a solid technological solution for this monumental task, andbrings with it other benefits and lifestyle improvements, such as increased security andconvenienceThe momentum is gathering and we are about to take a leap that brings remarkablesavings, not only of resources, but of money and time. History repeatedly demonstratesthat companies at the forefront set the mark for their industries Indeed many currentindustry leaders who take a"wait and see" approach are likely to be supplanted by newleaders willing to make an early investment in learning and implementing solutions suchas Zig Bee into their product lines. This book will help companies move up the learningcurve rapidlyBob heile. ph. DChairman. ZigBee AllianceWww.newnespRess.comFOR-H8597 indd x7/26/20083:03:05PMPrefaceIntended AudienceZig bee Wireless Networking is for developers who are interested in learning more aboutZigBee. The developer who actually has a project at hand may benefit the most from thetext and examples, but managers considering using Zig Bee on a project will also benefit,especially from Chapter 1, "Hello zig bee and Chapter 2, "Deciding on Zig beeNo prior experience with embedded programming, 802.15.4, or networking is required,but a working knowledge of the C programming language is helpfulMost of the examples use the Freescale Zig Bee platform, but the ideas apply to allZigBee platform vendors. Occasionally, an example or solution is specific to theFreescale platform. Where this occurs, the text makes it clear that the solution isFreescale-specific, and not a Zig bee requirement, in generalFormatting ConventionsVarious elements in this book are specially formatted for easier identification whilereading. Code samples are printed in a different style on a light gray backgroundVariables in the text are printed in bold. Each section ends in a brief summary,indicating the key points. For example, Code samples look like thisvoid BeeAppDataIndication(void)apsdeToAfMessage t *pMsgzbApsdeDataIndication t *iNdication;zbstatus t status gZcIMfgSpecific ciwhile(MsG Pending(&gAppDataIndicationQueue)The Book,'s structureThis book is designed to be read from cover-to-cover, tutorial style. Each chapterintroduces concepts that are used in later chapters however the reader is encouraged toWww.newnespRess.comPRE-H8597 indd xi7/26/20083:18:33PMPrefaceskip ahead if the concepts of any section are already familiar. To keep the reader orientedin each section, some overlap is necessaryWhile it is not required, it is helpful to have the Zig Bee and Ieee 802.15.4 specificationsavailable when reading this book. I'll sometimes refer to a section or a concept in thosespecifications for further readingToobtaintheZigbeespecificationgotohttp.www.zigbee.organdclickon"downloadthe specification. It is free, and comes in PDF format.Gotohttp://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.15.htmlandselect"ieee802.15.2-2003to obtain the 802.15.4 standard in pdf format There is a new draft standard IEEE802.15.2-2006, but Zig bee does not currently use that specificationThe chapters are organized as followsChapter 1, "Hello Zigbee, 'lays out the basics of zig bee and its intended use. It describeshe zig Bee Alliance, which is the standards body which defines and promotes the zig Beestandard worldwide. This chapter also provides the developer with several ZigBeenetworking examples, complete with source codeChapter 2, "Deciding on Zig Bee, helps the developer make technical and marketingchoices about zig bee, and even helps determine whether zig bee is the right solutionfor any given problem. It provides a concise checklist, with all of the Zig Bee factorsthat must be considered throughout the entire product life cycle, from inception throughdevelopment, deployment, and maintenanceChapter 3, " The Zig Bee Development Environment, covers the basics of the Zig Beedevelopment environment, and walks the reader through an example, step-by-step, tohelp gain a full understanding of what's involved in the development and debug phaseThis chapter contains information necessary if the reader plans to follow along with theexamples using actual hardwareChapter 4, " Zig Bee Applications, goes in-depth into application development, includingthe fundamentals of Zig Bee networks, nodes, addressing, Application Profiles, and thefeatures provided to the application by the application Framework(AF) and ApplicationSupport Sub-layer(APS)Chapter 5, Zig Bee, ZDO, and zDP, describes the Zig Bee Device Object(ZDO)andhow it interacts with and is used by applications, including how to achieve maximumbattery life from Zig Bee nodesWww.newnespRess.comPRE-H8597 indd xii7/26/20083:18:33PMPrefaceChapter 6, The Zig Bee Cluster Library, covers the library of common clusters used forprofile and device development. It describes Home automation in some detailChapter 7, " The ZigBee Networking Layer, goes in-depth into how Zig Bee actuallydelivers packets from one node to another, including mesh and tree networking. It alsodiscusses some of the table management that must occur for Zig bee nodes to last foryears(and decades)in the field with no required maintenance. This chapter also describessecurity in detailChapter 8, Commissioning Zig Bee Networks, "describes the commissioning processwith zig Bee. This topic is critical to the successful deployment and maintenance ofZigbee networksChapter 9, Zig Bee gateways, introduces gateways and describes techniques forretrieving information from a Zig Bee network, as well as controlling and configuringsensors and actuators from outside the zig bee networkAppendix a, " Zig Bee 2007 and Zig Bee Pro, is a quick reference to the Zig Beeapplication APIAppendix B, "Zig Bee Quick Reference, is a quick reference to Zig Bee architecture andcommandsAppendix C,"Zig Bee Cluster Library Quick Reference, "covers some of the new featuresin Zig bee to be found in the upcoming Zig Bee 2007, a specification that was not quiteready for publication at the time of this writingExample source CodeEach chapter contains examples designed to enhance understanding of the Zig Beeconcepts introduced. Only partial source code is included in the text of this bookFor full source code, including Freescale Code Warrior project files, go to the web sitehttp://www.zigbookexamples.com/codeThe home page of this site is just an advertisement for the book, so remember to type in/code after the site name. The sample code may be freely used in applications. A standardauthor's disclaimer appliesNo warrantee is implied or expressed and it's probably not suitable for anything otherthan instructional purposes, and maybe not even that. If you use the source code, keep thecopyright text intact.Www.newnespRess.comPRE-H8597. indd xiii7/26/20083:18:33PMPrefaceThe code on the Web site is organized by chapters. Each example, except for the two inChapter l, contain only the application source code, and assume that you use Freescale'sBeeKit to generate the project. The whole process of taking small source code samplesand incorporating them into the Freescale solution is described, step-by-step, inChapter 3, The Zig Bee Development EnvironmentWww.newnespRess.comPRE-H8597. indd Sec1: xiv7/26/20083:18:33PMAcknowledgmentsThere are so many people that contributed to this book. First of all, I'd like to thank mywife, Alicia. Without her countless hours of encouragement and solid support of thisarduous process called writing a book, this would not have been possible. And to mydaughters, Lita, Genevieve, and elanor, i love youTo Rachel, my editor at Elsevier, a big thank you, especially for your patience. There is aWhite Chocolate Frappuccino waiting for you at Starbucks my treatOperations(WCO), especially Brett Black for believing in and championing tho cialId like to thank all the staff at freescale, in what's now called wireless commertechnology, Darrel Simms for introducing me to Freescale, Mark Williams for alwayssupporting his partners, Walter Young whose command of the English language isgreater than Strunk and White, Mads Westergreen--a Danish man who knows moreabout Zig Bee than just about anybody on the planet, Matt Maupin, Ryan Kelly,Shannon reid and so many others as wellAlso, Zig Bee Alliance members deserve many thanks for this book: Bob Heile,Zachary Smith, lan Marsden, Don Sturek, Phil Jamieson, and Skip ashton, all of whomhave made the Zig Bee standard possible. I really appreciate all the time youve spentexplaining the concepts to me, and discussing the edge cases. You have taught me somuch. And to others within the Alliance who have patiently answered my questionsSpiro Sacre, Monique Brown, Wally Burnham, Claudio Borean, Rudi belliardiGreg Henry, Silviu Chiricescu, and Bill wood, thank youTo my good friends and colleagues, Masaru and Blanca Natsu, Christian Garcia, andDalila Pinedo, thank you for all your help, suggestions, corrections, and insight. And toWww.newnespRess.comACK-H8597. indd xV7/26/20083:09:06PMi AcknowledgmentsTim Gillman who was the idea man behind many of the stories which open each chapterm,you are a funny guy.Special thanks to Mads Westergren and allan mcdaniel for the iPod example. i thinkthe readers will love this oneAny mistakes, inaccuracies, or omissions in this text are purely my ownWww.newnespRess.comACK-H8 597 indd xvi7/26/20083:09:06PMCHAPTER 1Hello ZigBeeWireless networking standards are everywhere. Youve heard of wiFi M and bluetooth Tmand cellular technology. Perhaps youve heard of Active RFID, Wibree, WiMAXTM, orWireless usB. so, why zigbeeTm?The Zig Bee wireless networking standard fits into a market that is simply not filled bother wireless technologies(see Figure 1. 1). While most wireless standards are strivingto go faster, Zig Bee aims for low data rates. While other wireless protocols add moreand more features, Zig bee aims for a tiny stack that fits on 8-bit microcontrollersWhile other wireless technologies look to provide the last mile to the Internet or deliverstreaming high-definition media, Zig bee looks to control a light or send temperatureVideoWirelessUSB802.11a/b/g/nBluetoothTMCellular802.15ZigBe802.15.4CloserFartherRangeFigure 1.1: Wireless Technologies CompareWww.newnespRess.comCH01-H8597 indd 17/28/20085:26:24PN